What is a world of fens, bogs, and swamps? A lesson in observation for natural gas inventories for the future of wetlands

Proulx wanted to know about the world we are losing before the wetlands disappear. “What was a world of fens, bogs and swamps and what meaning did these peatlands have, not only for humans but for all other life on Earth?”

IPCC. 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands: Methodological Guidance on Lands with Wet and Drained Soils, and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment (2013).

The book isn’t a call to arms according to Proulx. It is more a lesson in observation. Proulx wants her readers to understand the world they live in and how to care for it.

It began when I found that I could not concentrate on writing fiction, which is what I am usually writing. I was too concerned with what was happening to the natural world, and I felt I knew very little about wetlands. Writing about something is how I learn about it. I started taking notes, asking questions and then I found a piece of paper that looked like an essay. and I sent it to my agent — not particularly expecting it to be published, but I thought it might have a place somewhere. She said it could be a book.

swamplands, benches, and fens are still considered candidates for drainage. There will always be people who want to drain wetlands. They do not see how useful they could be. There is a place for wetlands. Many gardeners buy bales of peat that have been dug up, dried and packaged, because it enriches their garden soil. Peat has the ability to hold large amounts of weight in water. That’s a big deal to put out in the garden.

They are holding in carbon dioxide and methane gas, making it hard for them to destroy the fens and swamps. And the more we rip them up, the more carbon dioxide and methane comes floating into the atmosphere and the faster the Earth will be warming. We haven’t thought of that a real problem except for people who are very concerned about the climate crisis.

To know what the differences between fen, swamp, and bog are. To be able to go into a wetland and look around at it and say, “Aha, I know this is a swamp, it’s full of trees. Or, this is a bog, full of quaking sphagnum moss.” It’s not as call to arms as it looks. That is not my thing.

Methane Lockdown in the Wetland. A Sloan Digital Sky Survey Study of a Low-Lying Carbon Leakage Ecosystem

The other half of the story is even more ironic. CO2 and NOx are produced when we burn fossil fuels. NOx makes a molecule known as the hydroxyl radical when it enters the atmosphere. All told, OH removes about 85 percent of annual methane emissions. The emission of NOx was decreasing during the lock down. “So the OH of the atmosphere—the methane sink—could be slowed down.”

In the human realm, the fossil fuel industry is a major source of methane. Decaying food waste also releases the gas, as a wetland would. And let’s not forget cow burps: The bovine stomach acts like a fermentation vat, in which microbes process plant cellulose and expel methane.

Zhang, Z., Fluet-Chouinard, E. & Jensen, K. Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M). The Earth system. The data was collected in the 13th century.

Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World’s Wetlands and their Services to People (2018).

Winkler, M. G. & DeWitt, C. B. Environmental impacts of peat mining in the United States: documentation for wetland conservation. It’s the time of the year. Conserv. 12, 317–330 (1985).

Changes in land cover distribution in the peatlands of peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo have occurred since 1990. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 6, 67–78 (2016).

The water use of certain areas by people is identified by global analysis. Nat. It is important to sustain. 1, 241–25 (2018).

There were new monthly irrigation and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 24, March 2010 (2010).

Abril, G. & Borges, A. V. Ideas and perspectives: carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe? The journal Biogeosciences 16 pp.

Cheng, F.Y., Van Meter, K. J., and Byrnes are involved in maximizing US nitrate removal. Nature 588, 625–630 (2020).

Feick, S., Siebert, S. & Döll, P. A Digital Global Map of Artificially Drained Agricultural Areas (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 2005); There’s a link to this at theuni-frankfurt.de/FHP_06_Feick_et_al.

Global assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic soils. The 9, 372 in 2016 were the sustainability 8.

Pongratz, J. Data and models meet opportunities and challenges for land management in Earth system models. It was a clue. Chang. Biol. 24, 1470–1487 (2018).

Oil sands mining and reclamation leads to massive loss of peatland and stored carbon. Proc. Natl Acad. The USA was covered in the 2012 version of theSci. USA109.

The world Earth system. Int. J. Digit., vol. 62, no. 2, 2003, pp. 527-533

There is a 250 m resolution global water mask. Int. is located in Int. J. Digit. The Earth 2 was put in place in 2009.

The book was written by G. et al. There is a soil carbon database in the north that can be used to store and cover soil carbon. In the world Earth Syst. Sci. Data 5, 3–13 (2013).

Gumbricht, T. et al. South America is the largest contributor to the map of tropical wetlands and peatlands. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 3581–3599 (2017).

Wania, R. Wetlands modelling is based on the present state of global wetlands extent. Geosci. Model Dev. 6, 617–641 (2013).

Goldewijk, K. K., Beusen, A., Doelman, J. & Stehfest, E. Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2. There is an Earth system. Sci. Data 9, 912–953 last year.

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05572-6

nls.multstart: A Robust non- linear regression analysis using AIC scores. Benchmarking the environmental impacts of using peat for electricity generation in Ireland

nls.multstart is a Robust non- linear regression analysis using AIC scores. R Project is part of the Microsoft R program.

Murphy, F., Devlin, G., and McDonnell, K. Benchmark the environmental impacts of using peat for electricity generation in Ireland. Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy 7, 6376–6393 (2015).

Denham, T. Archaeological evidence for mid-Holocene agriculture in the interior of Papua New Guinea: a critical review. A type of Archaeol. Oceania 38, 159–176 (2003).